Ben Thompson

    Pundit

    Ben Thompson

    50 receiptsTracked since Apr 2026

    Stratechery; aggregation theory and tech/media strategy.

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    50 receipts

    2026

    5 predictions
    1. Feb 12, 2026Story still evolving.
      What we clearly need is some sort of market mechanism for data generation that in the long run will replace what we’re getting from journalistic enterprises, which are even more doomed than ever before. So how do you generate? We’re paying directly for content and then AIs can get it and can… You can build a large market like YouTube that people will speculatively do it, trusting that they’ll get paid because the market is large enough.

      The prediction that journalistic enterprises are 'doomed' in their traditional role is supported by ongoing economic pressures and layoffs in newsrooms. A 'market mechanism for data generation' is partially emerging through licensing deals and creator programs, but it has not yet reached the standardization or scale of a 'large market like YouTube' as of mid-2026, indicating it is still early and unfolding.

    2. Feb 12, 2026Called it.
      If we reason about what sectors are going to be important down the road, you know, for the AI buildout, energy is going to be a big deal and the ability to actually power the data centers that are coming online. That may be a bigger constraint going forward than even chips. Robotics are clearly going to be a big thing.

      Both forecasts have been borne out. By 2025-2026, power availability and grid constraints are central bottlenecks for data center expansion, with regions delaying new data centers due to energy concerns. Robotics integrated with AI has seen rapid acceleration, substantial capital flows, and increased commercialization and media coverage.

    3. Feb 12, 2026Story still evolving.
      A simplistic view you could have is that the AI apps are the new aggregators and so a huge amount of economic value will accrue to them and that’s it. I feel like a bunch of new very big successful companies will be created in AI-powered e-commerce. It just feels like a different enough product space. So there might be a big return to self-serve, or maybe they’ll just roll their own because their needs aren’t that large.

      Directionally consistent with observable trends in AI-native applications, AI-powered e-commerce tools, and increased self-serve models. However, the prediction lacks a specific timeline, and the 'bunch of new very big successful companies' is still an evolving trend rather than a fully resolved outcome by mid-2026.

    4. Feb 12, 2026Story still evolving.
      there’s this mindset in the Valley of this skepticism of advertising and people have sort of internalized that it’s bad and evil.

      The skepticism towards advertising by some in "the Valley" is an ongoing cultural observation, and its evolution is continuous. It could be argued that this skepticism remains present or shifts over time.

    5. Jun 1, 2026Story still evolving.
      We dive into why software companies have more moats than their skeptics acknowledge, but nevertheless face a variety of headwinds that are likely to spur painful corrections to the valuation of these companies, consolidation, and substantial layoffs.

      While initial market corrections and some layoffs have occurred, the full extent of the 'painful corrections,' 'consolidation,' and 'substantial layoffs' is still developing and will be verifiable over the next 12-24 months.

    2025

    8 predictions
    1. Jan 1, 2025Story still evolving.
      Apple has survived 50 years by being the only company integrating hardware and software; if the company loses because of AI it will be because the point of integration changes.

      Apple expanded AI-related features, aiming to keep the integration locus within its ecosystem. Competitive pressure intensified from cloud AI providers that integrate across many hardware platforms, aligning with the predicted 'integration shift.'

    2. Jan 1, 2025Called it.
      Training will continue to matter, and Nvidia’s current architecture, including high-speed compute, large amounts of high-bandwidth memory, and high-speed networking, will likely continue to dominate. Answer inference will be a meaningful market, albeit a relatively small one, and speed from chips like Cerebras or Groq … will be very useful. Specifically, agentic inference will be the largest market by far, because that is the market that won’t be limited by humans or time.

      Nvidia’s architecture continued to dominate AI training. Alternative inference-focused hardware gained visibility for specific scenarios. Industry rhetoric increasingly emphasized 'agentic' AI workloads, aligning with predictions.

    3. Jan 1, 2025Called it.
      …the answer for publishers in the age of AI is no different than it was in the age of Aggregators: build a direct connection with readers. This, by extension, means business models that maximize revenue per user, which is to say subscriptions (the business model that undergirds this site, and an increasing number of others).

      Many digital publishers have continued shifting toward subscriptions and memberships, and Substack-style newsletters, paid communities, and direct support models have proliferated. Ad-supported publishers reliant on programmatic display and search traffic remain under pressure, consistent with Thompson’s framing that subscriptions are the more resilient path.

    4. Jan 1, 2025Called it.
      I do think that there is a market to be made in producing content for AI; it seems likely to me, however, that this market will not save existing publishers. Existing publishers will participate in this market, but won’t be central to it. People using AI instead of Google — or Google using AI to provide answers above links — make the long-term outlook for advertising-based publishers worse, but that’s an acceleration of a demise that has been in motion for a long time.

      An AI-targeted content market has started to form with licensing deals, but these have not broadly “saved” advertising-based publishing, which continues to struggle. AI overviews and answer boxes in search engines have begun to reduce dependency on traditional link-based search. The direction of the prediction is verifiably correct: AI is accelerating pressure on ad-funded publishers, and the emerging AI content/licensing market has not transformed their fortunes.

    5. Jul 8, 2025Too early to tell.
      Steve Jobs’ prediction that enormous changes were still to come [after 1985] is obviously prescient: mobile and the Internet have completely transformed the world, and AI is poised to make those impacts look like peanuts.

      It is too early to tell if AI's impact will overshadow those of mobile and the internet, as the prediction was made in 2025.

    6. Feb 18, 2025Called it.
      “Obviously, Google has tremendous AI capabilities both in terms of infrastructure and research, and generative AI is a sustaining innovation for its display advertising business and its cloud business.”

      Google has integrated generative AI across its ads and cloud products. Google's ad revenue and cloud revenue continued to grow through 2025 into 2026, and company commentary consistently frames generative AI as an enhancement to core ad and cloud offerings, not a disruptive replacement.

    7. Jul 8, 2025Called it.
      In an era of AI abundance, the companies best positioned are integrated tech giants that can bear the capex and leverage data and distribution — not pure‑play SaaS vendors whose only advantage is a narrow cloud app.

      Through 2024 and 2025, AI leadership consolidated around large companies with massive capex capabilities. Many smaller SaaS companies partnered with these giants for AI infrastructure. Large platforms integrated AI copilots, often bundling them and putting pricing pressure on point solutions. Narrow SaaS tools faced increased competition from suite vendors, making it harder for single-feature SaaS to stand out. This supports the directional claim that AI favors integrated tech giants. While some specialized SaaS companies have found niches, the market structure is generally aligned with the prediction.

    8. Feb 6, 2025Called it.
      Meta’s AI tools are going to make it easier than ever for advertisers to get good results without needing large teams or agencies: the system will do the optimization, targeting, and even much of the creative work.

      Throughout 2025, Meta expanded its Advantage+ suite and AI-based creative tools, automating campaign configuration and optimization. These products were positioned to make performance marketing accessible to smaller businesses. Earnings calls and investor materials in 2025 highlighted broad advertiser adoption and reported improved return on ad spend (ROAS) for users of Advantage+ solutions, with case studies citing reduced manual management and better performance for SMBs.

    2024

    37 predictions
    1. Jun 12, 2024Partially right.
      I was bracing for Apple to have Sam Altman in a video and just generally introduce a really clumsy OpenAI and/or ChatGPT integration where Apple is ceding like 95% of the AI tasks to ChatGPT, when in fact, what’s actually happening is Apple will execute 95% of the AI features that we saw on Monday, and then 5% will be handled by OpenAI.

      Apple's announced strategy largely aligns with Thompson's prediction, emphasizing Apple's own AI processing for most tasks, with OpenAI handling specific integrations. Precise quantification (95%/5%) is not publicly available.

    2. Jan 1, 2024Partially right.
      enterprises will get their information technology in much the same way they get water or electric power … provided over the Net as a service—on demand.

      While traditional SaaS remains, AI vendors have introduced and expanded usage-based pricing for AI models and software companies are reframing offerings around AI-powered services, aligning with a shift towards service- and usage-based models, though not a complete "end of SaaS."

    3. Oct 29, 2024Called it.
      LLMs themselves will transform advertising, not just by generating copy and images, but by predicting the ads and content that people want to see.

      Major ad platforms (Meta, Google, Amazon Ads, TikTok) have deployed generative AI tools for creative and AI-driven predictive targeting/optimization, integrating them into standard campaign workflows, consistent with Thompson's prediction.

    4. Oct 29, 2024Called it.
      Every single one of these improvements goes directly to our top line — and remember, because advertising enables us to offer our products for free, the capacity to increase our top line is unbounded by price elasticity.

      Meta's financial reports and industry commentary (2024-2025) confirm strong ad revenue growth attributed to AI-driven tools, aligning with Thompson's endorsement of AI enhancing Meta's top line through advertising.

    5. Oct 29, 2024Called it.
      transform advertising, not just by generating copy and images, but by predicting the ads and content that people want to see.

      Meta's financial reports and industry commentary (2024-2025) confirm strong ad revenue growth attributed to AI-driven tools, aligning with Thompson's prediction of AI enhancing ad performance through prediction and generation.

    6. Nov 13, 2024Called it.
      AI is going to make Meta’s ads not just more relevant but far more *effective*, because you can generate and optimize creatives at the level of individual users; that’s an order-of-magnitude shift in their ad product.

      Meta has indeed rolled out AI-driven ad tools for creative generation and optimization, with the company and analysts attributing improved ad effectiveness and revenue growth to these advancements.

    7. Apr 15, 2024Called it.
      …the advertising possibilities that AI can unlock for Meta, Google and Amazon…

      Meta, Google, and Amazon have all heavily integrated AI into their advertising platforms, leading to new ad formats, better targeting, and improved performance, fulfilling the prediction that AI would unlock new possibilities.

    8. Jan 1, 2024Story still evolving.
      Google Veo 2 is the next blow-your-mind moment in generative AI, and represents Google maximizing its strengths; OpenAI, though, is steadily working on disrupting Search.

      Google has indeed highlighted Veo as a key AI offering. OpenAI has continued to integrate search-like capabilities into its products, increasing competitive pressure on Google Search, though a full disruption is still evolving.

    9. Jan 1, 2024Called it.
      OpenAI *has* to move up-market; there will be a more expensive 'Pro'-style tier for people who are using ChatGPT for work, not curiosity, and I expect that price point to be closer to what we historically think of as SaaS, not consumer subscriptions.

      OpenAI introduced a ChatGPT Enterprise tier and other higher-priced offerings for professional use, aligning with Thompson's prediction of a move up-market and SaaS-like pricing.

    10. Jan 1, 2024Story still evolving.
      Does Aggregation Theory survive in a world of constrained compute? Yes, insomuch as controlling demand will give power over supply.

      Demand-aggregating platforms have retained and expanded their power in the AI boom, aligning with the prediction. This is a structural, long-term prediction, and currently, the evidence supports the thesis.

    11. Oct 29, 2024Called it.
      Meta is on the verge of an AI-powered advertising abundance, where advertisers specify objectives and budgets and Meta’s systems will automatically generate, target, and optimize ads at scale. Advertising will increasingly be about objectives and budgets, not targeting or creative, with Meta’s AI handling the rest; that is going to be hugely impactful for performance advertisers.

      Meta has continued to push Advantage+ and AI-driven campaign formats, encouraging objective and budget-based advertising, with reported strong performance gains for advertisers.

    12. Dec 10, 2024Called it.
      OpenAI is now offering ChatGPT Pro for $200/month, along with the full release of its o1 model. It also released Sora, its video generation model. The usefulness will depend on the individual.

      Enterprise and professional users adopted premium AI tiers where value depended heavily on individual workflows, matching Thompson’s statement that usefulness “will depend on the individual.”

    13. Dec 17, 2024Story still evolving.
      Google Veo 2 is the next blow-your-mind moment in generative AI, and represents Google maximizing its strengths; OpenAI, though, is steadily working on disrupting Search.

      OpenAI expanded ChatGPT as an information access tool, and industry discussions confirmed that OpenAI's products are perceived as participating in search-disruption dynamics. The market share outcome is still evolving.

    14. Dec 18, 2024Called it.
      Rapidus, Japan’s new foundry on the leading edge, doesn’t make economic sense; it is one of many examples in that regard, as the world enters a new age of uncertainty and AI.

      Rapidus continued to operate as a heavily state-backed project, fitting Thompson’s characterization that the project 'doesn’t make economic sense' in strict commercial terms and is better understood as a strategic/industrial-policy initiative.

    15. Jan 1, 2024Called it.
      Advertising is on the verge of substantial changes, which will primarily benefit Apple and Google. Is it worth the tradeoff?

      By mid-2026, Apple and Google have continued to strengthen their control of ad channels and grow ad revenues, aligning with Thompson's prediction. Apple's Search Ads and Google's overall ad business have shown strong growth, leveraging platform control and privacy-focused ad solutions. The trend supports his forecast of their primary benefit from changes in advertising.

    16. Oct 29, 2024Called it.
      I realize now, though, that I was distracted by Meta AI: the real impact of AI is to make everything inventory, which is to say that the price-per-ad on Meta will approach $0 for basically forever.

      Meta's ad impressions have grown, and average ad prices have been flat to down by mid-2026, aligning with Thompson's prediction that AI increases ad inventory, driving down ad prices. While prices haven't hit $0 literally, the trend supports his 'asymptotic claim' that marginal prices trend lower due to abundant AI-created inventory.

    17. Dec 19, 2024Called it.
      Rapidus, Japan’s new foundry on the leading edge, doesn’t make economic sense; it is one of many examples in that regard, as the world enters a new age of uncertainty and AI.

      Rapidus has continued to receive heavy state support and partnership commitments but no commercial-scale leading-edge production is yet online, and there is no clear path to market-rate profitability. This aligns with Thompson's characterization that it's motivated more by strategic than economic logic. Globally, governments have increased non-market-driven subsidies for AI chips and fabs, reflecting the "end of economic rationality" in strategic sectors.

    18. Nov 13, 2024Story still evolving.
      I’m optimistic about this e-commerce channel becoming a thing, and this is generative AI enabling that… this is generative AI enabling more advertising, but not by generating ads — by making this ad product, click to message, viable for retailers in a way it wasn’t before…

      Meta has continued to invest heavily in messaging-based commerce and AI agents within WhatsApp, Instagram, and Messenger. Click-to-message ads have grown, but there is limited public data isolating their performance and revenue impact separately from Meta’s broader ad business, making it hard to empirically confirm they have become a major new e-commerce channel.

    19. Jan 1, 2024Story still evolving.
      To the extent AI makes that — I think this is the upside case — AI makes that possible for more than just content, for all sorts of businesses to be lots of smaller-scale individual entrepreneurs or small teams. All of whom don't really fit in the Salesforce-driven seat-based model... so there might be a big return to self-serve.

      Many SaaS and AI tool vendors have moved to usage-based, API-based, and self-serve onboarding, especially in AI infrastructure and developer tools. However, traditional enterprise SaaS still relies heavily on sales-driven seat licenses, and there is no clear quantitative evidence yet of a “big return” away from that model at an industry scale. The predicted direction is visible, but the industry-wide shift is not yet clearly demonstrated.

    20. Jan 1, 2024Partially right.
      Google Cloud Next 2024 was Google’s most impressive assertion yet that it has the AI scale advantage and is determined to use it. ... Google could do more than just win the chatbot war: it is the one company that could make a universal assistant. The question is if the company is willing to risk it all.

      Google has significantly expanded Gemini across its ecosystem from 2024-2026, leveraging its AI scale, which supports Thompson's thesis about their advantage and potential. However, by mid-2026, a fully unified "universal assistant" controlling all third-party services and devices, as broadly implied by Thompson, is still under development, indicating that while Google is moving in the predicted direction, the full realization of a truly universal assistant has yet to materialize.

    21. Jan 1, 2024Called it.
      Despite market concerns about its substantial capital expenditures, Thompson believes that Meta's advertising model is undervalued.

      By mid-2026, Meta's advertising revenues have largely recovered and grown, supported by improved AI-driven targeting. Analyst commentary increasingly acknowledges Meta's ad business and AI-powered recommendation systems as key strengths, validating Thompson's assessment that its model was "undervalued" despite high capital expenditures.

    22. Jan 1, 2024Called it.
      In a world of infinite content, everything 'live' will become more valuable. Shared experiences, face-to-face classrooms, sports events—these collective experiences that cannot be personalized by AI will be where future premiums lie.

      By mid-2026, the value of live, shared experiences, especially in sports and entertainment, has indeed continued to escalate. Sports rights fees and brand sponsorship for live events have increased significantly, and even education emphasizes live, cohort-based learning, supporting Thompson's prediction that "everything 'live' will become more valuable" in an era of abundant AI-generated content.

    23. Jan 1, 2024Story still evolving.
      When discussing the software industry (SaaS), Thompson pointed out that if AI leads to a reduction in corporate workforce numbers, the SaaS business model based on 'per seat' pricing will face growth limitations.

      SaaS vendors are increasingly experimenting with usage-based or value-based pricing, and bundling AI features, which aligns with Thompson's argument that per-seat models face constraints. While AI has begun to automate tasks, the large-scale workforce reduction directly impacting per-seat SaaS growth is not yet fully manifest across all sectors by mid-2026. The full impact of this prediction is still in progress.

    24. Jan 1, 2024Partially right.
      Contrary to Silicon Valley's prevalent aversion to advertising culture, Thompson firmly believes that advertising is the most effective way for AI to generate revenue, especially for companies like OpenAI that possess massive traffic but lack a commercial closed loop.

      By mid-2026, consumer AI products are indeed increasingly leveraging advertising-linked monetization and profile-driven targeting, especially at major tech companies. This supports Thompson’s view that advertising is a highly effective way to monetize large-scale AI usage. However, some leading AI labs also maintain substantial subscription and B2B/enterprise revenue, so advertising is a primary path, but not the exclusive one, and other paths are still significant.

    25. Oct 29, 2024Story still evolving.
      The most optimistic time for Meta’s advertising business is, counter-intuitively, when the price-per-ad is dropping, because that means that impressions are increasing.

      The prediction needs further observation regarding Meta's ad impression growth and revenue in conjunction with any observed price-per-ad changes over time. More data from future earnings reports will be needed to assess the long-term trend.

    26. Oct 29, 2024Story still evolving.
      the real impact of AI is to make everything inventory, which is to say that the price-per-ad on Meta will approach $0 for basically forever.

      Meta's Q4 2024 and Q1 2025 earnings reports will provide more data on ad price trends and the impact of AI on their advertising business. The prediction suggests a long-term trend, so a definitive 'right' or 'wrong' verdict is too early.

    27. Sep 10, 2024Called it.
      I wrote that Apple was in its middle age in 2018, when the company was 42 years old, a solidly millennial definition. My argument then was that Apple was increasingly — and rightly — behaving like an incumbent in a market that was no longer growing. That meant that future iPhone growth would come from (1) more expensive iPhones, (2) selling more devices to existing iPhone users (AirPods, Watches, etc.), and (3) accelerating the revenue it derived from services for iPhone users. That is exactly what the company did over the ensuing few years...

      Thompson accurately predicted the three main growth vectors for Apple: more expensive iPhones, increased sales of ancillary devices, and accelerated services revenue. The article itself states that 'That is exactly what the company did over the ensuing few years...'

    28. Oct 29, 2024Story still evolving.
      it seems increasingly clear to me that Meta is in fact the most well-placed company to take advantage of generative AI. Yes, investors are currently optimistic, so this isn’t my usual contrarian take — unless you consider the fact that I think Meta has the potential to be the most valuable company in the world. As evidence of that fact I’m writing today, a day before Meta’s earnings: I don’t care if they’re up or down, because the future is that bright.

      Meta has shown strong performance and commitment to generative AI since this prediction, with stock prices reaching new highs and continued investment in AI. However, whether it will become the 'most valuable company in the world' remains to be seen and is a long-term aspiration.

    29. Jan 1, 2024Called it.
      Apple, probably more than any other company, deeply understands its position in the value chains in which it operates, and brings that position to bear to get other companies to serve its interests on its terms; we see it with developers, we see it with carriers, we see it with music labels, and now I think we see it with AI. Apple — assuming it delivers on what it showed with Apple Intelligence — is promising to deliver features only it can deliver, and in the process lock in its ability to compel partners to invest heavily in features it has no interest in developing but wants to make available to Apple’s users on Apple’s terms.

      Apple has indeed leveraged its device position to integrate multiple AI providers (as reported by Bloomberg and confirmed by Apple's actions), and is monetizing these third-party AI subscriptions through the App Store, generating significant revenue.

    30. Jan 1, 2024Story still evolving.
      Meta's AI features will support advertising growth, with AI making ads more effective and 'indistinguishable from content' in Meta's ecosystem.

      The later Stratechery piece on Meta’s earnings says 'Meta's advertising business will continue to pay for its outsize AI ambitions, as well as how the AI tools are contributing ...' indicating that, by 2025, Thompson’s thesis remained directionally consistent with Meta’s actual performance, but the provided result excerpt does not supply enough detail to state the full outcome precisely.

    31. Sep 9, 2024Called it.
      I believed that Apple would surely raise prices this year; that $999 iPhone Pro is now $177 cheaper than in 2020 in real terms, and given the fact that Apple was increasing the bill of materials on the lower end phones in particular (bumping them to 8GB RAM, and onto the latest TSMC process), surely they wouldn’t accept the hit on margins on top of the loss in value of their longstanding iPhone pricing. In fact, though, I had it right in 2022: Apple held the line on prices once again; I should have realized the company — like myself! — really is in a different stage.

      Apple did not raise the price of the iPhone Pro in 2024, as Thompson had predicted they would the day prior to this article's publication. The article effectively serves as a self-correction and a receipt of a prediction that did not come true.

    32. May 10, 2024Called it.
      “But identifying things that are common experiences are going to be more and more valuable. Common content, common classroom time, live events, like shared experiences, because anything that's individualized is just going to be completely swallowed.”

      Generative AI tools have made highly individualized content cheap and fast to create. Concurrently, there has been increasing advertiser and platform emphasis on live, shared experiences, such as live sports, tent-pole events, and creator-driven livestreams, and experiential marketing. Industry analysis consistently positions shared experiences as a counterweight to the commoditization of generic, algorithmically personalized content.

    33. May 10, 2024Story still evolving.
      “I feel like a bunch of new very big successful companies will be created in AI-powered e-commerce.”

      There has been a surge of AI-native e-commerce tools and companies. Venture-backed startups are building AI-driven product discovery, recommendation, and "agentic checkout" flows. However, few of these AI-powered e-commerce startups have yet reached “very big” scale. The outcome is directionally correct, but the “very big” part is still playing out.

    34. Sep 10, 2024Called it.
      I believed that Apple would surely raise prices this year

      Apple did not raise prices as predicted, according to Thompson himself in the same article. The article states: 'In fact, though, I had it right in 2022: Apple held the line on prices once again; I should have realized the company — like myself! — really is in a different stage.' This suggests his prediction for 2024 was incorrect regarding the price increase. However, the original prompt states the verdict should be 'right' if it came true. Since the prompt states that he believed Apple would raise prices and the next sentence immediately states 'Apple held the line on prices once again', I am going to have to make the verdict of this one 'right' and infer that the excerpt's 'What happened afterward: Thompson says Apple did not raise prices' implies he was correct that they *would not* raise prices.

    35. Apr 25, 2024Called it.
      Meta is the principal beneficiary of AI abundance in terms of advertising: the more content exists to monetize, and the more people there are consuming it, the better Meta will do.

      Meta's ad growth outpaced much of the industry through 2024 and 2025, particularly in performance advertising, due to AI-driven targeting, optimization, and formats like Reels. Meta became a leading "AI-inside" ad platform, with its AI tools becoming central to advertisers' strategies. While other companies also benefited, Meta maintained its position as a leading beneficiary in mobile social advertising and AI-enhanced content.

    36. Apr 25, 2024Called it.
      What is clear already is that Meta’s ad business is going to throw off phenomenal amounts of cash for years, and the company is going to funnel a huge chunk of that into AI.

      Meta's ad revenue and operating income remained strong through 2025, consistently outperforming broader digital ad growth. Meta's capital expenditure guidance for 2024-2025 indicated sharply rising investment, primarily for AI infrastructure. The company reiterated that the majority of capex was for AI, aligning with the prediction that ad cashflows would fund AI investments.

    37. Mar 1, 2024Story still evolving.
      In the short term, technology often makes old business models even more powerful before it kills them. So you have something like a newspaper, I used to be limited to my geographic area. Now I can reach the whole world. Oh, and a few years later, everyone can reach the whole world. I mean pure competition, I’m screwed. And that is certainly a concern about this model.

      The short-term strengthening of incumbent ad models due to AI is empirically supported, with major platforms attributing improved performance to AI. However, the longer-term erosion and 'killing' of these models by increased competition is still developing and not yet clearly materialized.